Self-portraiture of Frida Kahlo - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 930 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Frida Kahlo Essay Did you like this example? The first time I heard about the great Frida Kahlo was in my AP Spanish class during my Sophomore year of high school. Her unibrow and enigmatic look piqued my interest before her paintings did.The Mexican portrait painterwastrulyan influential artist who combined traditional themes with a contemporary style and also helped to promote the role of women in the art world(kahlo.org). I researched about the artist and learned she lived a very painful and turbulent life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Self-portraiture of Frida Kahlo" essay for you Create order Kahlos works are often a reflection of her experiences as a woman. Coincidentally, when I discovered Kahlo, my parents were divorcing and I was heartbroken. I chose to analyzeLas Dos Fridas(The Two Fridas) because I saw how divorce can truly destroy a person. Las Dos Fridaswas Kahlos largest painting and was completed in 1939 after her divorce from the famous Mexican muralist, Diego Rivera.Its a portrait of love, heart-break and duality(kahlo.org). One good observation to point out is that Frida is notorious for using human anatomy as an element of form in her portraits. The representation of blood seen throughout her pieces is symbolic for loss and death as well as unity and family linage. In this particular portrait, two identical Fridas appear wearing distinct attire which represent the artist in different points in her life. A vein runs between the two Fridas communicating unity; hearts are exposed and vulnerable to love. The woman of the right wears a traditional Mexican dress a nd tightly holds a locket of young Diego in her hand. The vein connecting her full heart to the locket is intact. This represents the flow of innocent love between her and Diego. The woman of the left wears a European style wedding dress and clamps down on the vein completely severing ties between her broken heart and Diego. Blood stains her dress and she risks bleeding to death. In the background we see an eerie andstormy sky filled with agitated clouds may reflect Fridas inner turmoil(fridakahlo.org). During their marriage, Kahlo became increasingly involved in the study of the indigenous people as Rivera held a strong sense of Mexican nationalism.Sheutilized Mexican indigenista iconography to relate both a personal and political output in her paintings(theartstory.org). InLas Dos Fridas, her Tehuana dress transmit those cultural elements. Kahlo is of German European descent through paternal lineage. Her whiteembroidereddress represents her staying in touch with her European roots. Kahlo utilized oil on canvas to create and layLas Dos Fridas.I believe she obtained inspiration for her choice of mediums through the European Renaissance.Oil painting dominated because of its flexibility, the richness of its colors, and the extraordinary durability and long-lasting qualities(Jacobus Martin 67). As far as elements of painting, Kahlo uses line, color and texture composition inLas Dos Fridas. Her use of a closed lines is essential in order to distinguish two separate women and two separate hearts. The continuous directional line leads us to the vein that flows between them. However, theres also minimal use of open lines within the sky. The blurriness may communicate uncertainty and emotional instability. Color has always been one of the most dominating elements in Frida Kahlos works of art. During my research for AP Spanish, I because curious about the artists choice of color. In her diary she explains the meaning of color and emotions tied to each hue. For example, yellow, a color typically associated with happiness and sunshine, brings sadness and sorrow to Kahlo. The color b rown represents a leaf falling and decaying into the earth and blue represents electric love. By her choice of blue to brown color gradient in her Tehuana dress, Ive concluded that she was deeply in love and towards the end of her marriage her love for Diego decayed. Although she doesnt mention the color white, it may signify a purifying new beginning or coldness. Understanding the meaning behind each color can help the observer have a better participation with not only the piece but also the artist. Kahlo explores texture through her the ruffled clothing, heavy clouds and perfect anatomical illustration of the heart. Composition refers to the ordering of relationships(Jacobus Martin 78) through principles, such as unity, balance, and proportion, that help the artist develop a natural compositional flow. This element of painting is about making the small piece work together to create a masterpiece. According to theMuseo de Arte Modernoin Mexico City, Las Dos Fridasis large scale painting thats has real life-size proportions. She expresses the principle of unity and balance t hrough the holding of hands at the center of the portrait. The holding of hands might symbolize that she is her best and own companion, as Frida Kahlo herself would say I am my own muse, the subject I know best. Frida Kahlo is one of my favorite artists because despite her hardships, she continued to pursue her passion for art and turn her sufferings into masterpieces to share with the world. Although some claim that Kahlo was obsessed with self-portraiture, I believe it was the healthiest way she could cope with her troubled life. In fact, she probably had higher levels of self-awareness than any other artist because she chose to be vulnerable and share her life with the world. If I had another opportunity to write about Frida Kahlos works of art I would certainly do it again. I have gained abundant amount of knowledge and have learned how to apply the principles needed to effectively dissect a work of art.It has truly been an insightful experience analyzing of the famousLas Dos Fr idas.

Biography of Judith of France Saxon English Queen

Judith of France (843/844–870), also known as Judith of Flanders,  was married to two Saxon English kings, first the father and then the son. She was also both stepmother and sister-in-law of Alfred the Great. Her son from her third marriage married into the Anglo-Saxon royal line, and his descendant Matilda of Flanders married William the Conqueror.  Her consecration ceremony set a standard for later wives of kings in England. Fast Facts: Judith of France Known For: First woman to be crowned Queen of England; daughter of the King of France; grandmother of Matilda of Flanders, wife of William the ConquerorBorn: October 843 or 844 in Orleans, FranceParents: Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orlà ©ansDied: April 870 in Burgundy, FranceSpouse(s): Saxon king of the West Saxons, Aethelwulf of Wessex (m. October 1, 856–858); Aethelbald of Wessex (m. 858–860); Baldwin I, Count of Flanders (m. 861–870)Children: Charles (b. 864); Baldwin II (865–918); Raoul, Count of Cambrai (867–896); Gunhilde (b. 870), all children with Baldwin I Early Life Judith of France was born in October 843 or 844, the daughter of the Carolingian king of West Francia, known as Charles the Bald, and his wife Ermentrude of Orlà ©ans, daughter of Odo, Count of Orleans and Engeltrude. The Saxon king of the West Saxons, Aethelwulf, left his son Aethelbald to manage Wessex and traveled to Rome on pilgrimage. A younger son Aethelbehrt was made the king of Kent during his absence. Aethelwulfs youngest son Alfred may have accompanied his father to Rome. Aethelwulfs first wife (and mother of his children including five sons) was Osburh; its not known if she had died or was simply cast aside when Aethelwulf negotiated a more important marriage alliance. Returning from Rome, Aethelwulf stayed in France with Charles for some months. There, he was betrothed in July 856 to Charles daughter Judith, who was about 13 years old. Judith Crowned Queen Aethelwulf and Judith returned to his land; they were married on October 1, 856. A consecration ceremony gave Judith the title of queen, making her the first crowned queen of England. Apparently, Charles had won from Aethelwulf a promise that Judith would be crowned queen upon their marriage; earlier wives of Saxon kings were known quite simply as the kings wife rather than carrying a royal title of their own. Two generations later, the queens consecration was made standard liturgy in the church. Aethelbald revolted against his father, perhaps fearful that Judiths children would displace him as his fathers heir, or perhaps just to keep his father from taking control of Wessex again. Aethelbalds allies in the rebellion included the bishop of Sherborne and others. Aethelwulf pacified his son by giving him control of the western part of Wessex. Second Marriage Aethelwulf did not live long after his marriage to Judith, and they did not have children. He died in 858, and his eldest son Aethelbald took over all of Wessex. He also married his fathers widow, Judith, probably in recognition of the prestige of being married to a daughter of the powerful French king. The church condemned the marriage as incestuous, and it was annulled in 860. That same year, Aethelbald died. Now about 16 or 17 years old and childless, Judith sold all of her lands in England and returned to France, while Aethelwulfs sons Aethelbehrt and then Albert, in turn, succeeded Aethelbald. Count Baldwin I Her father, perhaps hoping to find another marriage for her, confined her to a convent. But Judith escaped the convent in about 861 by eloping with a man named Baldwin, apparently with the help of her brother Louis. They took refuge in a monastery at Senlis, where they were likely married. Judiths father Charles was quite angry over this turn of events and got the pope to excommunicate the pair for their action. The couple escaped to Lotharingia and may also have had help from the Viking Rorik. They then appealed to Pope Nicholas I in Rome for help. The Pope interceded with Charles for the couple, who finally reconciled himself to the marriage. King Charles finally gave his son-in-law some land and charged him with dealing with Viking attacks in that area—attacks that, if unchallenged, might threaten the Franks. Some scholars have suggested that Charles had hope that Baldwin would be killed in this effort, but Baldwin was successful. The area, first called the March of Baldwin, became known as Flanders. Charles the Bald created the title, Count of Flanders, for Baldwin. Judith had several children with Baldwin I, Count of Flanders. One son Charles (b. 864), did not survive to adulthood. Another son named Baldwin (865–918), became Baldwin II, Count of Flanders; and a third, Raoul (or Rodulf, 867–896), was the Count of Cambrai. A daughter Gunhilde, born about 870, married Guifre I Count of Barcelona. Death and Legacy Judith  died in about 870, a few years before her father became Holy Roman Emperor. Her significance to the British crown, however, lasted for generations. Judiths genealogy has some important links in British royal history. Sometime between 893 and 899, Baldwin II married Aelfthryth, daughter of the Saxon king Alfred the Great, who was a brother of Judiths second husband and the son of her first husband. One descendant, the daughter of Count Baldwin IV, married Tostig Godwineson, brother of King Harold Godwineson, the last crowned Saxon king of England. More importantly, another descendant of Judiths son Baldwin II and his wife Aelfthryth was Matilda of Flanders. She married William the Conqueror, the first Norman king of England, and with that marriage and their children and heirs, brought the heritage of the Saxon kings into the Norman royal line. Sources Drake, Terry W. The History of the Drake Family and the Times They Lived. Xlibris, 2013.Geary, Patrick J. Women in the Beginning: Origin Myths from the Amazons to the Virgin Mary. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.Oksanen, Eljas. Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066–1216. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  Ward, Jennifer. Women in England in the Middle Ages. London: Hambledon Continuum, 2006.

Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Free Essays

In psychology and education, learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, behaviour and Humanists elements. This assignment shows the concept of the relevant theories and principles of learning and communication; select and critically analysed of how I plan to deliver these strategies in my own teaching; and reflect on the impact that these insights have had on my own practice and professional development. What is the definition of theory? To me theory is something which is explained to you, a system of ideas intended to explain something, one based on general overview. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls or any similar topic only for you Order Now A definition of principles, to me is to be opinionated on how I feel towards chosen topic. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, `every teacher and every learner has a theory about learning. ’ To able to conclude my own theories and principles on planning and enabling learning I need to learn what is accepted to others. Research I understand there are many different theories relating to teaching and learning. Those that I have looked at are Behaviourist, Cognitive and Humanists elements. These are not new concepts. Although that some of these theorists are descended their work is still use into practices. Behaviourism is primarily associated with Pavlov (classical conditioning) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and particularly Skinner in the United States (operant conditioning). In educational surroundings, behaviourism implies the dominance of the teacher, as in behaviour modification programmes. It can, however, be applied to an understanding of unintended learning. Classical conditioning in its simplest form is a type of conditioning associates by an external stimulus; in Pavlov original experiment this was a bell, with the arrival of a second stimulus which was the food, this resulted in a response to the bell which would have been achieved previously by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was influenced by Pavlov’s experiment and the ideas of John Watson, father of behaviourism. His interest in stimulus-response of how humans reacted to various situations became fascinating. Skinner developed teaching machines, so students could learn, uncovering answers for an immediate â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in psychology relating to an approach which studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual by emphasizing the study of the person overall. This behaviour clarifies the ability of learners to respond to the lesson. John Holt, How Children Fail (1964) states that â€Å"the school system could destroy the minds and emotions of young children. His blistering attack accused schools of inducing fear in pupils, and humiliating, ridiculing and devaluing them† This is a very generalised point of view due, to the fact that Holt is tarnishing all schools with the same reputation. However, it is important not to completely dismiss his views, as the point he makes about fear of failure is something we must be aware of in our teaching. In another humanistic approach which also fits within the humanistic spectrum is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his studies focus on adult education which was formed in 1946. Formal programs were for those sponsored by educational institutions, such as universities, high and trade schools in America. He implemented that adult education was pointed to the friendly and informal surroundings. This enhanced adult learners to take more responsibility for their destiny as they mature through the learning process. Cognitive learning theory is about how to learn rather than what to learn i. e. how to write a report, how to recall specific facts, how to use learning to solve problems or be creative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the psychology of learning which emphasizes on how we think and gain knowledge. Theorists are intrigued and want to understand how problem solving changes throughout childhood, how cultural differences affect the way we view our own achievements, language development. Theories such as Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) expressed the view that `expository teaching’ deprived learners of the chance to think for them, however Vygostsky approach `Zone of proximal development’ focused on the concept that what a learner could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The behaviourist approach can encourage me to understand what motivates my learners and to challenge them on what goals they wish to achieve through their learning. These techniques can influence and can allow me to shape and enhance my learners into behaving in an acceptable way through Skinner’s theory of `Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As a research a bi product of this will develop my learner way of analysing. This encourages a comfortable learning environment for all learners. Negative reinforces are ones that increase the chance that a behaviour will occur when it is removed. Punishments are events that decrease the frequency of behaviour that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the learner in the classroom that ontinually talk s to his neighbour; it reinforces his behaviour to continue, but if the teacher punishes him by having him stand up in front of the whole class and apologies, he will be more likely to refrain on talking again. Skinner believes that behaviour could be altered by using positive and negative types of reinforcement. Remember negative reinforcement is not punishment. If I have not covered everything on t he original lesson plan, learning can however be measured making assessment and planning for next session easier. By constantly revisiting certain topics and using Question and Answers learners have an understanding on what they are learning and why. This would not be the case for all, based on behaviour modification there are also disadvantages to this approach. Repetitive learning may encourage some learners to remember information but it doesn’t necessary mean they have understood the concept. Some learners will not be confident to admit this and just produced the required answers without knowing how they got to the answers. How do we include rewards and why the reason for them? As a teacher I tried to implement these when suitable for all learners. If this is not done then the whole process will become confusing and motivation will be lost. This theory can tend to lead myself towards the `pedagogical approach to learning’. As covering that the Humanistic approach is relied for individuals to explore their own interest and curiosities this will assure them to grow into fully functioning, self-trusting, and independent people. All individuals are unique and have an inborn drive to achieve their maximum potential. This I can relate too with the learners that I teach, once they have discovered their own personality this will generally relate to their chosen career options this will give learners to have free will in the learning experience and can effect on the change of their knowledge. I use the Humanistic approach to learning within my classroom as practical is a massive contribute to my teaching. Carl Rogers, in freedom to learn (1969) states that self-directed learning delivers the considerable educational advantages of independent learning. Advantages which I find to this are that by meeting learners needs, each learner will feel valued and respected. This will help build up a level of trust between the learner and teacher resulting to excellent communication. When planning and delivering lessons, I include various activities to allow this to happen. At the end of each lesson I find that group discussions give the learners freedom to induce new ideas and to listen to their peers opinions. This gives them the tools to feel empowered and have control over how they learn. This sounds like a perfect andragogical approach but could have some disadvantages. We know that Bruner’s cognitivists approach to learning is basis on emphasizing active restructuring of knowledge through own experience of life. With this theory the learner draws on his/her own past experience and acknowledges new facts, relationships and truths. Students interact with the world by exploring; asking questions and interpretation what is relevant to the subject. I. e. when tackling new ideas the learner relies on the teacher to give them the correct answer, assuming the teacher is in their comfort zone. To allow learners to achieve this transformation is by working in groups which encourages them to socially interact with one another which will then lead to process of learning, As a result this method students may be more likely to remember the concept and knowledge discovered on their own. Another strategy often used in my classroom involves embedding questions, which allows the learners to find out the answers to the problem before setting their task. This may again relate to their personal experience. Often organising school trips (exhibition, real life theatre) can allow the learners to interact with real life situations. I allow for discussion/debates around specific questions relating to that topic that I have structured to initiate points that are relevant to their learning. These theories have made me think differently to my own practise in the way I plan my lessons, which methods of delivery I use as well as how I assess what types of learning has taken place. I teach in a secondary school environment, where the learners go thought a transition from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is practical, but there are some elements of theoretical methods which gives learners the chance to demonstrate skills in a performance environment. I agree that planning for lesson is a strong area for me and my learners. As a result, I will always construct the delivery of my own teaching including the three learning domains. I found that the Bruner strategy had the most impact on my teaching from both a practical and professional point of view. This has enabled me to encourage my learner’s involvement by utilising these methods. It has now become a natural part of my lessons, which involves incorporating QA as well as discussions to assess that learning has taken place in the Affective domain. My confidence has developed as a result, as well as my learner’s needs and communication is now at an all time high in the classroom. These areas are now a massive part as to how I deliver a lesson, as well as ensuring that communication flows both ways. After conducting research into the theories of learning, I have realised there are some improvements that need be made. One of these involves giving my learners more freedom and responsibility with the answers, rather than prompting them. I believe this simple change can breed confidence and progress for both me and the learners. Bibliography Skinner, B. F (Reprint 2003). The Technology of Teaching. Cambridge, MA: B. F. Skinner Foundation Petty, G (Reprint 2009). A Practice Guide Teaching Today. N. Thornes Forth Edition Holt, J C 1923- 1985 (revised edition) Classics in child development Knowles, M. and Swanson R. A, The Adult Learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resources Harkin, J. , Turner, G. and Dawn, T. (2001). Teaching Young Adults. London, Routledge. Rogers. C and J. H Freiberg (Third Edition) Freedom to learn How to cite Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls, Essay examples

Management Organization Structure Culture â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Organization Structure Culture? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this document is to propose a detailed project plan discussing the overall SAP implementation project for Yes Chemist Pty Ltd. This project plan enlists in detail the outline of the proposed set of tasks, deliverables, milestones, and phases needed to complete the project, as mentioned previously in the project charter. This document gives a complete understanding of the project scope, the need, and the cost along with the key reports and matrixes on risk analysis, resources, and communication for a better understanding of the overall implementation. Lastly, this project plan also includes a complete schedule of tasks, deliverables, milestones, and phases needed in order to complete the project, accompanied by a Gantt chart file separately for thorough understanding of the overall time requirement and precedents of each task and process for a successful implementation(PDA, 2007). The objective of the project is to implement SAP system for business growth in the Yes Chemist Pty Ltd such that the strategic objectives of the organization are met. In order to do that it is important the requirements for the project deliverables are considerably explored and the scope of the project is made clear such that all the deliverables are sufficiently met. While implementing IT projects, there have been several cases of failure that result from certain risk factors. However, if these risks known in advance and appropriate steps are taken then the risk can either be avoided or the damage can be minimized. Thus, this project plan has been made that explores the scope of the project in detail as well as presents a risk analysis of the project. Major milestones and tasks have been identified to allow project monitoring against the plan so that project manager can assure that all the tasks defined in the plan are completed on time(BIS, 2010). Project scope The aim of the project is to improve the business growth of Yes Chemist Pty Ltd by replacing their current accounting, inventory, and HR management systems with more integrated system. To achieve that VUISC has been hired to implement the SAP S/4HANA for SAP Business All-in-One for the business. This update of the management system will address the operational weaknesses revealed in the business operational review of January 2017. The SAP implementation will ensure one platform is used throughout the enterprise by integrating all the major departments of the business(Bright Hub Media, 2015). The table of project scope highlights the key in-scope and out-of-scope Project Name SAP Implementation Project Sponsor Russel Bray Project Manager Bariha Naqvi Start Date 27th July 2017 Expected End Date 26th March 2018 Scope Description In Scope: Delivery and installation of suitable hardware Installation configuration of SAP system Testing of the new system End user training to the head office staff and inter-state store pharmacists Creating user acceptance testing team to facilitate sign-off process Out of Scope: Training sales or other employees other than key super users per module. Any activity regarding 2nd phase CRM implementation Project Deliverables Completion of requirement sessions with client SMEs Completion of server room modifications Completion of server installation Completion of SAP system installation Completion of data conversion Completion of documentation Completion of testing Completion of training sign off Quality Standards The formal sign-off will not happen for the application to go live until: Hardware software installation is successfully completed Completion of successful data conversion Completion of all required training Completion of user acceptance testing(PMI Standards Committee., 2015) Constraints Project has some constraints including: The project is allotted a maximum budget of $5,012,085 The project needs to be completed within 8 months after it begins The available human resources are fixed for the project and no additional resources can be acquired by the company directly Assumptions The implementation project would be executed with certain assumptions like: The available funds are sufficient for the completion of all the tasks on the project include emergency ask unless a major deviation is expected in the project scope The consultant chosen for the SAP implementation has sufficient experience of handling similar projects in past and is efficient in the work(PMI, 2015) Business case The project has been planned with an aim to improve the business processes of Yes Chemist Pty ltd by replacing legacy systems with SAP S/4HANA All-in-One solution. The solution would have the modules for managing accounting, inventory management, and human resource systems. It would also include reporting modules for finance, human resource, procurement, and analytics systems of the company. Success would be achieved if the implementation would improve the control of the company management over the quality of its services and allow staff to follow up with customers, understand their expectations and fulfil them efficiently. The result would improve services in terms of speed, information availability, and inventory management. This could bring significant benefits to the organization as it would enhance the productivity of staff and bring in satisfaction n customers. These benefits would reciprocate into increase in sales as well as savings for the company achieve with reduction of p aper work and other administrative tasks that would be automated and would take less time to complete. The benefits that this project would bring to the company are listed in the table below: Current Status Status after SAP implementation Staff is using a manual excel based database in which inventory and sales is recorded. There is no additional analytics capabilities and the staff has to analyse the manually when needed for reports. A large amount of data can be recorded in the database which also provides analytics capabilities allowing staff to generate reports automatically without manual analysis which is easy, more effective, and less time consuming than earlier method When a customer asks about the inventory to the staff or the manage wants to know the operational status, the staff has to search for required data manually and in case the data is not updated, a wrong status of availability may get reported With the analytics capability, the application provides a dashboard system which make it easy to access information both for customers and for the management reporting Accounting is manual and difficult to handle for the accounting staff. The staff also commits some errors due to work pressures at times Using the accounting module, the calculations, invoicing and payment updates would be made automatic such that there a no human errors in accounting and the process would become fast and real time The data of the employees and their work related communication is managed over emails or through paper work and face to face communication. This makes the work tedious for the administrative staff With HR module implemented, employment processes like assigning tasks, disbursing compensation, approving leaves, etc. Can be handled through the system The procurement process is manual and so is the planning for procurement which is time consuming and hectic for staff With reporting on procurement and inventory, the staff would be easily able to get the visibility on the items that need to be replenished such that orders can be placed to suppliers faster without complete exhausting of the inventory. This would increase the availability of items in the store. Managing accounts and finance is a manual process and reporting is done once in a month With implementation of the accounting module, the reporting can be made fast and thus, financial reporting can be done anytime with least efforts The staff at the reception does not always have the details of the inventory which has to be manually checked when the customer places a request With inventory management module, a real time visibility into the inventory system would be possible which would allow the staff to immediately know the inventory status and give the information to the customers Because most processes are manual, there are errors seen in accounting and inventory tracking Human errors would be significantly reduced with most processes made automated or simpler to handle(Pearson, 2000). However, the project is also likely to bring up some challenges for the organization: Because of implementation of SAP which is a complex technology solution, the company would require to train their staff on usage. This can be time consuming as well as would incur opportunity costs as the staff would not be able to do their regular work at the time of training. Another drawback is that because of the complications involved, employees who are used to legacy systems would resist the implementation of new technology and thus, may not accept it easily. Another challenge is that the implementation of the technology is a significant cost to the company but does not guarantee any direct returns. If the company is unable improve its sales or save enough, the investment would not be justified. The technology being exposed to internet can also risk cyber security threats such as data breach, data modification, and hacking in which case, the company risks losing its customer data and even earnings The technology is new to the company and thus, users can face challenges in adoption and learning in which case, they may not be able to use it very effectively(SPSU, 2015). Project Schedule and Approach (Rollout strategy) The project is divided into 9 phases including the following(Graphiq Inc., 2017): Initiation: In this stage, requirements of the IT project would be explored by taking inputs from the stakeholders through discussions. Infrastructure development: In this phase the infrastructure for the SAP system implementation would be developed including set up of the server room, cables installation and hardware purchase and installation Equipment Testing: All the hardware and equipments installed would be tested and server would be installed along with the SAP configuration and installation. Integration and Testing: The system would be integrated with existing system and then testing would follow including system testing, integration testing, regression testing, and security testing. The testing results would be defect report which would be submitted to the technical officer for correction. Cloud hosting: Once the system is both implemented and tested, a cloud solution would be purchased and the SAP solution would be shifted to the cloud(Lacaster University, 2006). Monitoring Control: Any change requests would be accommodate in this stage such that the suggested changes are implemented for correction of defects. The performance of the system would be measured and reviewed against expected performance. This stage would also involve validation, verification and system audit. Documentation and Training: Once all the system defects are corrected and it is performing as per expectation, the documentation would be done for the user to understand how the system can be used and training would be conducted for them. The feedback of the training would also be taken from users to ensure they understood the working of SAP system. Acceptance: At this point, the project would be completed and a sign off would take place after user acceptance testing. The lessons learned from the project would be recorded and project closure report would be submitted by the project to the project sponsor. Data Conversion: Once the project is completed, the legacy data has to be understood and migrated to the new SAP system through data extractor. In case there are defects found, they would be corrected and an analysis would be conducted post migration. Resources Table A: RACI Matrix Project Sponsor Project Manager Developer Consultant Finance Manager Designer Store Manager Funding RA AC I CI RAC I I Initiation R RAC I CI I I RAC Infrastructure development I RAC CI CI I CI CI Testing I RAC CI CI I I I Procurement I RAC CI CI I I RAC Monitoring Control CI RAC I I RAC I RAC(FME, 2014) Documentation I RAC CI I I CI CI Training I RAC I I I I CI Project closure RC RAC I I I I CI Data Migration CI CI CI I I I I R: Responsible; A: Accountable; C: Consult; I: Inform The budget allotted for the project is $5,012,085 and most of this budget would be utilized in software implementation and integration. Every phase of the project is allotted a part of budget such that the project manager must ensure that individual budget components are not exceeded through monitoring and control of costs(WSDOT, 2015). In case the budget is exceeded due to emergencies caused by inevitable events, a contingency budget of 10% would be used which is set aside in addition to the budget. Thus, the final approval would be taken for $5,513,293. Risk Any project can face risks that can affect the project outcomes in a negative way and if they are not taken care of, the project can face a failure. Thus, it is important to identify risks that can be caused on project and identify appropriate response strategy to manage the situation of risk. Risks can be avoided, transferred to other partner, or mitigated if they cannot be avoided. The response is decided on the basis of the probability of occurrence and impact on project outcomes and project quality. Risks that are less likely to occur and does not have any major impact on project can be avoided if their resolution efforts consumer time and money that cannot be justified(Team FME, 2014). For this, a risk register is prepared which records risks, their probability of occurrence, impact, response strategy and ownership of the person who would resolve the issue. Risk register can help project team keep track of the issues as well as resolve them. It can be created at the beginning of the project learning lessons from past project and is updated after project begins as and when the project is exposed to risks. Risk Risk Category Impact Probability Rating Response Strategy Owner Budget overrun Budgeting risks Moderate Moderate 4 Mitigate: Monitor project activities to ensure that individual components do not exceed the budget and in case, the budget is still exceeded, contingency funds may be used. Finance Manager Project delays Time Risks Moderate High 6 Mitigate: Monitor project activities to ensure that individual components of projects are completed within given time but if there are delays caused then they have to handled and steps can be taken to make up for delays such that the final project delivery is not affected(Masons Thelen Reid LLP, 2006) Project Manager SAP Implementation failure Implementation problems High Low 3 Avoid: Ensure that required hardware is procured which is compatible with SAP IT manager Project Manager Inability to access legacy data from SAP Functional risks Moderate Low 2 Mitigate: Test the system and resolve the bugs causing problems IT Manager Project Manager Developer Insufficient resources for project execution Resource issues High Moderate 6 Mitigate: If the human resources leave the project in between, new resources have to be hired(Office Timeline, LLC, 2016) HR Manager Project Manager Scope creep Scope issues High High 9 Avoid: Involve project stakeholders while developing requirements Project Manager Inefficient design Quality issues High High 9 Avoid: Get the requirements approved before the design specifications are finalized. Quality Manager Poor quality of software Quality issues High Moderate 6 Avoid: Validate the requirements with stakeholders and users before beginning development Quality Manager Communication It is important to have smooth communication happening between project team members and project stakeholders. Thus, it is important to have an effective plan for communication. A project communication matrix would help define the communication needs, modes of communication and the parties involved in communication. Project communication matrix can be useful for the project manager as well as the team as it would organize the project communication and make it streamlined. I would also be useful in avoiding and resolving conflicts between teams. Communication purpose Sender Receiver Frequency Mode Approval documentation Project manager Project sponsor/Director At the start of project Meeting Email Task allocation Project manager Project team After approval of project plan Email Issues to be resolved on project Project team Project manager As and when required Email Meeting Call Project progress report Project Manager Project Owner Stakeholders Monthly Meeting Email Requirement gathering Project Manager Stakeholders At the start of the project Meeting Project sign off Project Manager Project Owner At the end of the project Meeting Testing of software Developer Project Manager Users In the testing stage Meeting Email Recording lessons learned Project team Project Manager Project owner In the stage of closure Meeting (Caltrans, 2007) Summary This report presented the plan for the implementation of the SAP solution in a Chemist store. It included project scope, schedule, business case, resources, budget, risk register, and communication matrix. The budget allotted to the project is $5,513,293 including the contingency funds and the schedule of 8 months for implementation. References BIS. (2010). How to organise, plan and control Projects. BIS. Bright Hub Media. (2015). Constructing Powerful Scope Statements. Retrieved from Bright Hub Project Management: https://www.brighthubpm.com/project-planning/57950-example-and-evaluation-of-project-scope-statements/ Caltrans. (2007). Project Communication Handbook. Caltrans. EPMA. (2017). Art of Microsoft Project Scheduling: Using Milestones and the DBS. Retrieved May 8, 2017, from https://blog.epmainc.com/art-microsoft-project-scheduling-using-milestones-and-dbs/ FME. (2014). Project Human Resources Management. FME. Graphiq Inc. (2017, September 26). Microsoft Project. 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